Bringing a new life into the world is a joyous and transformative experience, but it also presents several challenges that are rarely discussed openly. Many women experience a variety of postpartum symptoms, including perineal tearing, bleeding, and the dreaded first bowel movement. Understanding these challenges and how to deal with them can help new mothers feel more confident and reassured during the postpartum period.
What happens postpartum?
The postpartum period, also known as the fourth trimester, begins immediately following childbirth and lasts approximately six weeks. Your body goes through significant physical and hormonal changes while recovering from pregnancy and childbirth. Some common postpartum issues are:
- Perineal tears: A tear in the perineum (the space between the vagina and the anus) that can occur during a vaginal birth.
- Bleeding: Postpartum bleeding, also known as lochia, is normal as the body sheds the uterine lining.
- First bowel movement: The first bowel movement after childbirth can be difficult and is frequently accompanied by anxiety and discomfort.
Perineal tears
Why do they occur
Perineal tears may occur during vaginal delivery, particularly if your baby is large, the labor is quick, or forceps or a vacuum are used. These tears are graded into four levels, with the first being the least severe and the fourth being the most severe, extending into the anal sphincter and rectum.
Worsening tears
- Severe or increasing pain over time
- Pain or difficulty urinating
- Foul-smelling discharge
- Visible swelling or redness
- Fever or chills
Managing perineal tears
- Keep it clean: After using the restroom, pat the area dry, do not rub, and make sure there is no leftover moisture on the skin. This keeps the area clean and can be relaxing.
- Ice packs: These can help reduce swelling and numb pain in the perineal area.
- Sitz baths: To boost healing, soak in a sitz bath (a shallow bath filled with warm water) for 15-20 minutes several times per day.
- Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers, prescribed by your medical practitioner, can help you manage your pain. Remember to always consult your doctor before taking any medication.
- Avoid straining: Avoid activities that cause additional tearing or discomfort, such as lifting heavy objects.
Postpartum bleeding
Why do they occur
Following childbirth, the body sheds the uterine lining that supports the pregnancy. This causes lochia, a type of vaginal discharge that is initially bright red and heavy, much like a menstrual period. The bleeding gradually decreases in volume and color, transitioning from red to pinkish-brown and then yellowish-white.
Worsening tears
- Soak through one or more sanitary pads per hour
- Passing large clots (bigger than a ping pong ball)
- Foul-smelling discharge
- Persistent bright red bleeding after the first week
- Anaemia, whose signs/ symptoms include
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- and shortness of breath
Managing perineal tears
- Tampons: should be avoided because they can introduce bacteria into the healing uterus. Instead, use sanitary pads. Use heavy-duty sanitary pads and replace them frequently.
- Rest: Adequate rest allows your body to heal. Avoid strenuous activities and get enough sleep.
- Monitor bleeding: Keep track of the amount and nature of bleeding. Notify your healthcare provider of any concerns.
- Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids can help your body recover more quickly.
- The first bowel movement: Overcoming fear and discomfort
First bowel movement
Why do they occur
Several factors can contribute to the difficulty of the first bowel movement after childbirth:
- Pain and discomfort: Perineal tears or hemorrhoids can cause discomfort during bowel movements.
- Fear of pain: The fear of causing additional pain or tears can cause hesitation and anxiety.
Worsening tears
- No bowel movement during the first three to four days postpartum
- Severe abdominal pain
- Blood in the stool
- Pain does not improve with home remedies
Managing perineal tears
- Stay hydrated
Drink eight to ten large glasses of fluid per day to keep your stool soft.
- High-fiber diet
To promote regular bowel movements, eat foods such as
- Bran
- Fruits
- Green vegetables
- Whole grain cereals and breads
- Stool softener
If natural methods fail, a mild stool softener can help. Consult your medical practitioner for recommendations.
- Avoid straining
Take your time and don't strain during bowel movements. To make the process easier, elevate your feet with a small stool while using the toilet.
- Get moving
Gentle walking can improve bowel function and prevent constipation.
Tips for quick recovery
- Rest and reprieve
Adequate rest is necessary for postpartum recovery. Sleep when the baby sleeps, and don't be afraid to ask for help from family and friends. Your body requires time to heal, and rest is critical for recovery.
- Gentle exercise
Gentle physical activities, such as walking, can improve mood, increase blood flow, and help prevent complications like pneumonia and constipation. Begin slowly, then gradually increase the duration and intensity of your walks.
- Pelvic floor exercises
Pelvic floor exercises, also known as Kegels, can help strengthen muscles that were weakened during childbirth. These exercises can help with urinary incontinence and overall pelvic health.
- Avoid strenuous activities.
Avoid activities such as bicycling, jogging, weight lifting, and aerobic exercises until your healthcare provider gives you the go-ahead. Also, avoid lifting anything heavier than your baby to avoid putting extra strain on your body.
- Follow-up care
Regular follow-up visits with your healthcare provider are essential for monitoring your recovery. Please report any unusual symptoms or concerns so that we can provide timely intervention and care.
The postpartum period involves significant physical and emotional adjustment. Staying informed, practicing good self-care, and seeking medical advice as needed can help you recover quickly and safely. Remember that it is acceptable to seek assistance and allow yourself the necessary time to heal. Your health is important not only for you but also for your little bundle of joy!
